Mozarabic Religious Culture in Spain

Mozarabic Religious Culture in Spain Individuals characterize workmanship as something which has been shaped from ability and aptitudes. It is something made out of motivation or something that the craftsman imagines. We consider the remainders of the past as expressions, Greek earthenwares, antiquated canvases or structures, enlightened original copies, etc. These items might be respected and acknowledged in a few unique manners however what we see may not be the perspective on the craftsman who made it hundreds of years prior. There were relics of the past that has demonstrated history. There are objects that we may consider today as an object of craftsmanship however what we see is only a little portion of what it has been to the individuals where it had been previously. It might speak to what culture it originated from, what preliminaries did the maker of the article had experienced to make something that would remain alive during that time to be valued and be cherished in right now. In many narratives, there were c onsistently things discovered that speaks to what sort of life they have lived, paintings that recounts to the tale of our predecessors presence simply like a journal in right now. Throughout the entire existence of Spain there existed a gathering of minorities which had an effect in the countrys history strictly and creatively. Mozarabs were Iberlian Christians living in Al-andalus, a country in the Iberian Peninsula. The term Mozarabic is gotten from the word mustarib or mustarab which originated from the Arab root word araba, which means in the dynamic sense, to make oneself like the Bedouins or having acclimatized Arabic traditions or most explicitly assigning somebody who resembled an Arab, was vague from the Arabs, a would not catch everyone's eye of Arabs (Corominas 244). It was a term determined to call the Christians who lived in the control of the Muslim grounds and stay away from disarray among old Christians who dwelled in Al-andalus and different Christians. In spite of the fact that Spain was Muslim in that period (711-1492), Mozarabs were dealt with acceptable naturedly, however they stay unconverted to Islam and didnt really appreciate equivalent rights. A couple of consented to be changed over to Islam to maintain a strategic distance from the overwhelming expense being exposed to them. The transformation additionally opened open doors for them to get by and mitigate their status in the general public since they were in a Muslim people group. They have embraced Arab customs, culture and Arabic language. Christians lived in a different network; they had their own administration, and paid a unique assessment instead of the necessity made of Muslims to serve in the military. There were Mozarab ladies who wedded Muslim men and their youngsters were raised as Muslims. Mozarabic was the sentiment language they spoke (Hitchcock 12). This language was first recorded in the Peninsula as chorales or kharjas in Arabic and Hebrew verses called muwashshahs. Despite the fact that Arabs were driven out of Spain toward the finish of fifteenth century and the language has ceased to exist, it is once in a while asserted that Mozarabic has left its blemish on the tongues of Southern Spain and Portugal. In their time, Mozarabs never call their language as Mozarabics nor themselves as Mozarabs. Now and again Christian people group succeeded in Muslim Spain; these Christians are currently typically alluded to as Mozã ¡rabes, despite the fact that the term was not being used at that point (Hitchcock 1978). Students of history began calling them Mozarabs just in the nineteenth century alluding to the Christians who lived under the Muslim standards in the Iberian Peninsula during the medieval times. The Mozarabs had ceremonial adores in the Catholic Church which was Mozarabic Liturgy. It was generally celebrated on Sundays and on incredible dining experiences. The Mozarabic custom is the second-best most verified protected archived ritual in the Latin Church; the first is the Roman ceremony. The job of the Blessed Virgin Mary is stressed in their rituals more than that of the Romans. They were likewise the first to utilize cinders inside the formal festivals. Mozarabic Liturgy is likewise called Gothic-Spanish, Isidorian and Toledian (Gihr 334). Huge numbers of the current original copies of these ceremonies are in house of prayer Chapter Library at Toledo. There were compositions found by the cardinal in the library of the house of God in Toledo in 1502 as referenced by Gomez to his release of Brevarium Gothicum which was distributed in Madrid, 1775. These original copies were one of the eminent Mozarabic expressions safeguarded from their time. It was said that these original copies were written in old Gothic characters and identified with the old Spanish Liturgy (Notes Queries 41). The composition was said to have a likeness to the Roman Liturgy in each basic part. The Mozarabic Liturgy is a basic piece of the Spanish Christian History. Their customs kept on being utilized in the five houses of worship of Toledo until 1842 when the Spanish government stifled the chapels all through the nation and the quantity of wards dropped. Another basic piece of the Mozarabic Liturgy is the Mozarabic serenade which has a noteworthy impact from the Gregorian serenades. It was additionally a time of melodic imagination in the piece of being ritualistic, which was as yet saved at present time. It was planned to be sung by guys, as per the Roman Catholic Tradition and was monophonic and a capella. There were four serenade classifications, recitation, syllabic, neumatic, and melismatic. Serenades were viewed as a technique for profound turn of events; it very well may be performed independently or in a gathering. Serenades may include throat singing as in Tibetan Buddhists and reciting mantras which are specific to Hindus. In the hour of the Moorish intrusion in Toledo there was a conflict in the ritualistic customs in light of the fact that the ruler and sovereign favored the Roman rituals so as to choose which of the two were generally preferred by paradise they consented to pick their own bosses to battle in mortal battle. In any case, when the Mozarabs won, the ruler and sovereign were irritated by their triumph and later went to an idea that it isn't proper to address religious philosophy as a battle. It is just through a supernatural occurrence that they will decide sky reaction. Accepting that their customs were outstanding they proposed to make another arrangement where the two rituals were set up into fire while each gathering goes to paradise. The one which won't be singed will be considered the most good for paradise. The Roman custom came out burned yet the Toledan stayed on the spot where it was tossed and stayed without injury. The Mozarabic ceremony was then protected and followed for a significant stretch by their relatives until the duplicates of the ceremonies were lost and nobody had the option to perform and comprehend the administrations which had caused controversy between them. Having the longing not to cease such critical custom, Don Francisco Ximenes, ecclesiastical overseer of Toledo, established a Mozarabic sanctuary where Mozarabic administrations were to be praised. The house of prayer which despite everything exists is ornamented with fascinating Gothic frescoes which were still in an ideal phase of protection. It speaks to different battles among Toledans and Moors, another is fastidiously painted frescoes which shows the vessels that carried the Arabs to Spain(Gautier 127). One of the works of art speaks to the old Toledo during that time and data about the arms, outfits, weapons and design of their period in immense subtleties. The shelters, too, were secured with frescoes. They encompass various rich and extreme arcades of excellent masses of ven dure[㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦] (Gautier 127). The groups were fittingly situated close to the congregation where you can stroll about and mirror your considerations without participating in a service or in a petition. It was a tranquil and chipper encompassing. The congregation in St.Thome at Toledo which was Moorish in the entirety of its subtleties was delegated Mozarabic Architecture. There were a significant number of a similar class with horseshoe formed curves and ribbed arches which were without a doubt known as made by Christians however has Islamic impacts (Fergusson 158). Mozarabic models has nonattendance of outside adornment, different in the floor designs, most of the structure is accentuated in the little extents/carvings (divided, ribbed of horseshoe transept, and so forth.). It was realized that Mozarabic expressions and engineering were a combination of Christian and Arabic impacts while the modifier Mozarabic was inferred. These practices were found in the imaginative churc h models and original copy plans. There were different structures in Spain with Mozarabic impact yet there were ones which were absolutely Mozarabic. A few models were the Iglesia de San Miguel de Escalada (fig.1), east of Leon; the Ermita de San Baudelio (fig.2), past Berlanga de Duero in Soria area; and Iglesia de Sta Maria de Lebeã ±a (fig.3), on the east side of the Picos de Europa mountains. Different holy places with Mozarabic qualities were worked during strictly open minded periods across Al-andalus. In the end, the vast majority of them were pulverized or harmed in the long stretches of contention and oppression between various networks. A significant attribute of the Mozarabs was that they adhere to their traditions, societies and religion in spite of the fact that they were not permitted to manufacture new places of worship. The eighth century is a major stage for Christian culture in Spain where various compositional and creative traditions emerged with impacts from early Christian and Carolingian Art. At the point when the Mozarabs moved to north of Spain they built up numerous cloisters where a specific change in the locales idea in design, figure and painting happen. Alongside the adjustments in the conventional design there emerged a light of compositions for the most part from the Bible and the New Testament and Beatus of Liebanas editorial on the Book of Apocalypse otherwise called the Book of Revelation of St. John. It was the explanation that Beatus of Liebana was known in the later many years of the eighth century. Beatus of Liebana was known a priest, scholar and geographer. He was additionally know to have composed two other content

Report on Long

Report on Long-term Financing Policy Essay Work Teams: Dispute ResolutionDianna OGarroHuman Relations and Organizational Behavior 502Dr. Michael LindseyAugust 10, 2005AbstractCan clash among work groups or individual representatives be maintained a strategic distance from? This and other compromise issues will be tended to in this paper alongside a few speculative working environment debates and the suitable arrangements that can be applied to determine the conflict(s). Work Teams and ConflictsThe utilization of work groups has become a well known technique for expanding profitability and laborer adaptability in the United States. Seventy-eight percent of U.S. associations report that probably a portion of their representatives are composed into work groups. In those associations that use groups, a normal of 61% of all workers is individuals from groups (Bishop, Scott, and Burroughs, 2000). A group is a gathering of individuals who are related concerning data, assets, and aptitudes and who try to join their endeavors to accomplish a shared objective (Thompson, Aranda, and Robbins 2000, p9). In many societies and most worldwide associations, people have been matched or gathered into groups that are required to cooperate towards the culmination of set objectives. Todays representatives originate from various social foundations with assorted mentalities and qualities. This can be acceptable in that it can give an association new and imaginative thought s for positive and beneficial course in a worldwide economy that is overwhelmed by numerous individuals of similar sorts of organizations. Be that as it may, when representatives are set in gatherings or work groups, struggle can, now and then, emerge. Kinds of Hypothetical Workplace DisputesConflict can be fortunate or unfortunate for an association. It is acceptable or useful when it makes a group perform adequately. In any case, struggle can be terrible for an association when it makes a gathering or group perform wasteful and ineffectual work that shields the group from accomplishing its ideal objectives and destinations in the predefined time span. A few clashes bolster the objectives of the gathering and improve its exhibition; these are useful, valuable types of contentions. There are additionally clashes that thwart bunch execution; these are broken or ruinous structures (Robbins 2001, p262-263). What Causes ConflictsSeveral variables can lead or add to the acceleration of contention among gatherings or groups in the working environment. A few variables incorporate however are not restricted to: correspondence obstructions, absence of good relational abilities, and poor moral conduct. Wanted OutcomesConflict is helpful when it improves the nature of choices, invigorates inventiveness and development, empowers intrigue and interest among bunch individuals, gives the medium through which issues can be disclosed and pressures discharged, and cultivates a domain of self-assessment and improvement (Robbins 2001, p269). Fundamentally, helpful clash permits groups to cooperate and gives the medium through which new and energizing thoughts can be utilized to change up the extent of group assignment(s). It likewise adds to an associations high or expanded overall revenue. Colleagues who keep up their uniqueness can address and give useful answers for conventional ideas and thoughts that generally prevent the development of an association (prevents it from broadening). Responsibility to the association and to the work group is identified with various wanted representative results (Bishop, Scott, and Burroughs, 2000). Strife that is ruinous can prompt the breakdown of the structure of the group which can bring about the undiscovered objectives or destinations that the group was planned to achieve. At the outrageous, clash can bring bunch working to a stop and conceivably compromise the gatherings endurance (Robbins 2001, p269). Colleagues who need great relational aptitudes and who work in a vacuum (has limited focus) can show practices that are hostile to different individuals from the group that can prompt the formation of contention. That is the reason it is so significant for administrators to give explicit consideration to representatives social foundation, values, hard working attitudes, mentalities, and level of ability when detailing work groups. Colleagues ought to be furnished with profiles of one another as an approach to coordinate and structure better working connections. Workers who are proficient and who have great relational aptitudes will in general show develop conduct and can re main concentrated on the jobs needing to be done. Compromise: Scenario #1A self-coordinated work group has been detailed and decides and rules that will oversee the activity of the group have been set up. In any case, over the span of the task, one specific colleague designated herself as the group chief and continues to command the gathering with her own dreams and thoughts. This caused some contention inside the group who at that point continued to defy oneself delegated group pioneer. Theres a work stoppage since none of the individuals are happy to proceed in the present circumstance. The supervisor presently needs to intercede and help each colleague to remember the reason for the detailing of group. Reference should likewise be made to the built up decides and rules overseeing that specific groups fruitful culmination of the undertaking. The administrator (who is a definitive group pioneer) will at that point permit every part to alternate working as group pioneers in the area (s) that they are increasingly handy. Rather than a pioneer who instructs others, set objectives, or screens accomplishment, group pioneers expel impediments for the group and ensure that the group has the assets it needs. The essential job of the group head is to encourage as opposed to control (Thompson, Aranda, and Robbins 2000, p8). .u90bd95687f1c1d297f1eab7ed67507d6 , .u90bd95687f1c1d297f1eab7ed67507d6 .postImageUrl , .u90bd95687f1c1d297f1eab7ed67507d6 .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u90bd95687f1c1d297f1eab7ed67507d6 , .u90bd95687f1c1d297f1eab7ed67507d6:hover , .u90bd95687f1c1d297f1eab7ed67507d6:visited , .u90bd95687f1c1d297f1eab7ed67507d6:active { border:0!important; } .u90bd95687f1c1d297f1eab7ed67507d6 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u90bd95687f1c1d297f1eab7ed67507d6 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u90bd95687f1c1d297f1eab7ed67507d6:active , .u90bd95687f1c1d297f1eab7ed67507d6:hover { haziness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u90bd95687f1c1d297f1eab7ed67507d6 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u90bd95687f1c1d297f1eab7ed67507d6 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content adornment: underline; } .u90bd95687f1c1d297f1eab7ed67507d6 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u90bd95687f1c1d297f1eab7ed67507d6 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u90bd95687f1c1d297f1eab7ed67507d6:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u90bd95687f1c1d29 7f1eab7ed67507d6 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u90bd95687f1c1d297f1eab7ed67507d6-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u90bd95687f1c1d297f1eab7ed67507d6:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: One Fat Englishman EssayConflict Resolution: Scenario #2Choosing the correct blend of representatives is critical to the effective culmination of a group venture. An association whose basic arrangement is essentially founded on work groups should perform broad examinations that test away from plain sight (work and social) of every person and construct dossiers that are kept on fill in the human asset division or branch of the association. An individual was employed and added to a recently made work group. The association neglected to play out an intensive record verification on the person who is fierce, problematic, and isn't a coo perative person. Over the span of the venture, the chief notification that this specific worker has distanced himself from the group as well as he has not contributed a considerable amount of the work assignments. The director currently needs to meet with the worker, isolated and separated from the group, to determine what the board will do. Will the board hold him or fire him? In the wake of collaborating with the representative, the director understands that the worker can possibly turn into a contributing individual from the work group. The administrator, after an authentic talk with him the representative, chooses to send him to some preparation courses that would empower him to pick up the abilities important to make due in that workplace. Taking everything into account, associations must perceive that with the various foundations of their representatives, clashes will emerge. Subsequently, the board should forcefully put resources into devices that will empower their represent atives to viably and effectively screen and oversee strife questions. The best results will bolster the objectives of the group and the association and improve execution levels. Both the representatives and the board must have the option to keep up a medium through which issues can be broadcast and resolve for the headway of every included (worker, supervisors, and association). ReferencesBishop, J. W., Dow Scott, K., B

Shaping the Marketing Offer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Molding the Marketing Offer - Essay Example Essentially when one shops for necessities or utilitarian things like vegetables, bread paper towels, etc, they are not liable to stress a lot over the cost. Be that as it may, when they get some thing, even a food thing like frozen yogurt, which isn't a need, they become cost cognizant. In a bigger social gathering, among companions for example they may not stop for a second to spend on the frozen yogurt. As Kirk L. Wakefield and J. Jeffrey Inman bring up, a great many people don't prefer to be thought of as 'modest' or tightfisted when in a gathering. In this setting it very well may be said that it is exceptionally value touchy individuals who will search for an incentive in a site like Price line. As is referenced in the article 'Markets, Pricing Models and Digital Economics Evolution of Markets', Price line utilizes what is known as the Reverse Pricing Model. Here shoppers can 'name their value' which is express the value they are eager to pay for the item. On the off chance that the specialist organization, (carrier, lodging, contract organization and so forth) is pleasing to that value, they get it. The movement and home loan business, which is profoundly value touchy, is the center focal point of Price line.

Hedge Funds.Characteristics Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Institutional investment is defined as financially advanced investment forms that endow in substantial volumes. These are in the form of portfolios normally including large numbers of investments. Because of such advanced characteristics, the institutional investments are frequently done, involving private security placements; so as to escape from the securities regulations. Hedge fund is one sort of institutional investment This fund was introduced by Jones in 1949. He set up hedges through investment in securities chosen from the set of undervalued ones and funding such long term positions a part through short positions in some overvalued securities, Thus through these hedges, a market neutral position is created. Also, these funds were designed in such a way that incentive fee compensation was paid as a percentage of the profits attained from the clients assets. Besides, he invested his own capital in that fund to ensure an investment partnership. There is no specific definition about hedge funds but according to some authors, defines hedge fund as an appropriately assertively managed portfolio of investments using advanced strategies for investment including leveraged, long, short position and derivative trade in domestic as well as international markets to generate higher returns. explains that hedge funds are set up or established in the form of private investment partnerships which are available for a restricted set of investors requiring quite large initial investment. Hedge funds investments are illiquid in nature (mostly) because the money invested by any investor is not assured to be there for a long term i.e. at least for one year. Unlike mutual funds, hedge funds in majority of states are unregulated, since they cater or involve sophisticated investors. Hedge funds can be regarded as mutual funds designed for the super rich individuals. Such hedge funds are similar to mutual funds in the sense that in both funds, investments are to be pooled and further professionally managed. Still, significant difference is there in terms of flexibility of investment strategies. Hedge funds hold their origin in a popular risk management term i.e. hedging. Hedging is actually the practice of risk reduction, but on contrary, the aim behind most of the hedge funds is maximize the return on investment. Nowadays, dozens of differ ent investment strategies are used by hedge funds, thus they are just not meant for hedging risk, but with a speculative investment attitude of hedge fund managers, such funds involves more risk than the overall market. CHARACTERISTICS OF HEDGE FUNDS A variety of financial instruments are utilized in Hedge funds to condense the risk, improve returns and minimize the degree of correlation of the fund with the equity and bond markets. Majority of the hedge funds are flexible as far as the investment options are considered. These can employ leverage, short selling, derivatives like puts or calls, futures, etc. In terms of investment returns, instability and risk, Hedge funds are enormous. Most of the hedge fund strategies are aligned towards the goal of hedging against downturns in the markets being traded, but not all of them. Non market correlated returns can be generated through some of the hedge fund strategies In majority of the hedge funds, objective is to maintain the consistency of returns and preservation of capital rather than maximization of returns magnitude which is the best way to attract sufficiently large capital inflows along with retention of investors. Hedge funds are managed with the help of some experienced as well as disciplined and diligent investment professionals. Main investor group for hedge funds is the Pension funds, endowment funds, some private banks, insurance companies and HNIs (high net worth individuals). Aim of this investor group is to minimize the overall portfolio volatility and add to returns Managers for Hedge funds are usually specialized in particular sectors and trade only within the area of expertise. Managers remuneration in hedge funds is heavily weighted with the performance incentives to attract the best talent in this business, but this can also result in undue risks. Hedge funds largely involve the funds of the managers also, giving it a look of investment partnership form and assuring the investors for personal interest of the managers RETAIL INVESTORS According to retail investors means individuals, involved in buying and selling securities for themselves on their own account via traditional as well as online brokerage organization. Individual investors have reasons to make investment. This investment can be short or long-term goals such as providing for their ward good education, saving to acquire land, houses or setting up their own establishment in the near future. Retail investors invest a portion of their pay check in the workforce, in order to shoot the accumulated funds to provide a retirement earnings or to give part of their assets to their wards. individuals are investing for growth and to make sure all their investment are not in vain therefore they intend to invest in companies that makes a lot of profits and to bring good returns. ADVANTAGES OF INVESTING IN HEDGE FUNDS Through traditional asset allocation, use of equities, bonds, real estate and private equity investment can be optimized in a portfolio which result in return maximization and portfolio risk minimization. The same objective is pursued by hedge funds, as a result of which hedge funds have become a natural candidate for investment consideration. Hedge funds are commonly believed to have superior returns then retail or other investment alternatives. A professional management of fund minimize the risk associated with non research based investment decisions Returns of the Hedge funds have a very low correlation with the returns of the traditional asset classes such as debt, bond, equity etc. This lower correlation gives an advantage of the diversifying effect on a portfolio. Thus, asset classes with diverse correlations are not going to react in the similar way to the market conditions. As majority of the well-managed hedge funds do not act in alignment with the market movements, thu s they have an inbuilt ability to stabilize the portfolio returns during market uncertainty Hedge funds have a relatively low volatility. Institutional investments, by allocating more to alternative investments have reduced the overall portfolio volatility. Volatility is a measure of fluctuation. By less volatility, one can refer to more stability or minimized extremes associated with the portfolio. Hedge funds have the potential to realize sufficient returns for aggressive investors. One of the strongest reasons behind hedge fund investment is the nature it has to offer steadying hand over time for well-diversified portfolios In addition to the traditional hedge funds, many relatively new specialized hedge funds are popular. These are referred as hedge fund-like mutual funds. Such funds are basically mutual funds, which are engaged in hedging techniques up to some extent. Such funds offer certain advantages over the traditional ones including greater liquidity, lower fees, lo wer leverage and better transparency. Also, fund of funds are popular among the retail investors. Fund of funds is a hedge fund which invests in other hedge funds. DISADVANTAGES OF INVESTING IN HEDGE FUNDS Primarily, Hedge funds are speculative investment vehicles that employ a strategy of aggressive investment to magnify the returns. Such funds usually comprises of high end clients. This is because of the strict criteria posed on investors to fulfil, so as to partake in hedge funds. These funds are not regulated ones which is a serious limitation in account of the retail investor. This lessens the security factors of the funds. Main disadvantages are discussed in the below section Higher minimum investment amount requirement is a main disadvantage associated with hedge fund investments. Retail investors cannot invest in hedge funds due to this reason. But, this limitation has been resolved up to some extent by introduction of fund of funds. Also the Hedge funds involve great risk to generate higher returns. Hedge funds are comparatively less liquid. Investors are not able to buy or sell them whenever they wish. Also many a times, Hedge funds are mispriced. Because of this misp ricing risk, retail investors find it a less attractive investment alternative. As management fees are performance based, so there is a chance that managers could start taking much higher risk. This may be unfair for the retail investors. Hedge funds involve speculation based investments and rumor based investments. Besides all these, many complex management biases are involved in hedge fund investments RETURN AND RISK OF HEDGE FUNDS Hedge funds have become popular asset class among the HNI investors, since the early 1990s. The amount invested globally has rose from around $50 billion in 1990 to around $1 trillion by the end of 2004. As substantial leverage is used in these funds, a far more important role is played in the global securities markets by hedge funds. Hedge funds are bundled with some management biases. Correcting for such biases, hedge funds have lower returns than the supposed level. Furthermore, the funds have lower correlations with the market equity indices and thus are excellent diversifiers. Such funds are very risky. The cross sectional volatility and individual hedge fund returns, both are greater comparatively to the traditional asset classes. Considering the Hedge funds to be similar in risk terms to the other types of investments is a mistake. Risk in other asset classes is measured by quantitative metrics, but in case of hedge funds, risk is measured in qualitative terms making it u nique to evaluate and analyze. The most common measure of risk used for both hedge and mutual fund analysis is the standard deviation. Here, it is the level of instability in returns. Standard deviation gives a good indication of the variability of annual returns and makes it easy to compare to other funds when combined with annual return data. For instance, to compare 2 funds with similar annualized returns, fund with relatively lower standard deviation should be more attractive Particularly for hedge funds, StDev is not considered sufficient to capture total risk depiction of returns as for majority of the hedge funds, returns are not normally distributed. But, the standard deviation assumes a normal bell-shaped distribution where similar probability is assigned to different return prospects above and below the mean. Hedge funds involve several interesting characteristics which influence the performance. These include strong managerial incentives, sophisticated investors, fl exible investment strategies, substantial managerial investment and limited government oversight. Researchers have observed that hedge funds have consistently outperformed. Hedge funds are more volatile and their returns have been widely discussed in the literature. According to researchers Brooks and Kat, the published hedge fund indices are normally distributed exhibiting relatively low skewness. Return is measured and evaluated with the use of descriptive statistics mean and median. The risk is measured by the second and fourth moment. From investor perspective, this combined characteristic is important having derived with sufficiently weak assumptions with respect to investors utility functions that investors prefer first and third moments i.e. mean and skewness higher and second and fourth moments i.e. standard deviation and kurtosis lower. Higher value of skewness implies asymmetrical distribution of returns with the mean return sufficiently higher than median. Also, for hedge fund survival probability, profit analysis is designed. Here, a funds probability of survival is measured. A funds time to survival or more specifically the duration of a fund is examined in this method. Duration of a hedge fund is the time until a fund gets failure CONCLUSION In terms of investment returns, instability and risk, Hedge funds are enormous. Most of the hedge fund strategies are aligned towards the goal of hedging against downturns in the markets being traded, but not all of them. Hedge funds are managed with the help of some experienced as well as disciplined and diligent investment professionals. Main investor group for hedge funds is the Pension funds, endowment funds, some private banks, insurance companies and HNIs (high net worth individuals) and families. Aim of this investor group is to minimize the overall portfolio volatility and add to returns. Hedge funds largely involve the funds of the managers also giving it a look of investment partnership form and assuring the investors for personal interest of the managers. The primary aim of most hedge funds is to reduce volatility and risk while attempting to preserve capital and deliver positive (absolute) returns under all market conditions. Although the returns from hedge funds are significantly high, still these are not able to attract the retail investors. Retail investors profiles are not matched with the investment motives behind the hedge funds. Hedge funds can be regarded as mutual funds designed for the super rich individuals. Such funds are similar to mutual funds in the sense that in both funds, investments are to be pooled and further professionally managed. Still significant difference is there in terms of flexibility of investment strategies. For retail investors, who are interested in realizing the higher returns from hedge funds as well as invest in lower proportion have the option of fund of funds.

Analysis Of The Video Game Console Market Essay - 1891 Words

Five Forces Analysis Threat of New Entry When it comes to entering the video game console market there are a lot of costs that are incurred. This limits the amount of competition that is coming in from an outside source. Microsoft spent over 100 million dollars on research and development alone for the Xbox one controller (Ron, 2013). This is a huge cost that new companies usually cannot absorb when first starting out. There is also a huge cost difference from new producers and long standing producers due to experience and the economies of scale that the top companies have. The last factor that really deters companies from entering the console game is the fierce brand loyalty that inhabits the video game market. Most consumers once they pick a side stick to it, this can span as far back as childhood. On release the PlayStation 4 had better specs then the Xbox One, and yet 42% of previous Xbox owners choose the Xbox One over the PlayStation 4 (Sakraida, 2014). 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My Arrow free essay sample

The summer before my senior year, my family and I packed up our home and moved nine hours south, to a ritzy neighborhood in Glen Allen, Virginia. After saying goodbye to my best friends and the beloved museum, I packed up my car and started the journey. I was trying to be optimistic; however the moving blues were taking over my body. Then, without a warning, a small- pickup truck swerved into my lane. This tiny automobile was a sign. I couldn’t help but grin when I read the bumper sticker that was forced into my vision in the traffic. â€Å"An arrow can only be shot by pulling backwards, when life is dragging you back with difficulties, just imagine it’s going to launch you into something great,†. I needed this optimism. It’s a constant struggle for me to deal with my past, I feel that the only thing that could potentially hold me back is who I used to be. We will write a custom essay sample on My Arrow or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, this quote reminds me not to resent my earlier years but to appreciate my arrow’s path. I was born in Washington D.C, every Saturday I begged my mom to lead me though The Mall, I was enthralled by the Museum atmosphere and the history. At three, we followed my Dad’s career to Richmond, Virginia. Then, once more, we followed my Dad’s career to Vestal, NY. When I hit high school, I may have grown up physically, however I was lacking mental maturity. School wasn’t a priority for me; I breezed by with a minimal B average. Sadly, I didn’t find joy in learning. Then, tenth grade hit and it hit hard. My grandma, one of the most admirable women I know, had a stroke. The concept of death was foreign to me and my carefree existence. If that wasn’t life changing enough, tenth grade was the year I almost lost my Mom. My mom was diagnosed with stage three Breast Cancer. There are no words to explain the fear that struck my body. My mom couldn’t be sick. However, cancer doesn’t discriminate. So, the chemo treatments began, the wig shopping started, I missed a lot of school to stay home with her. My grades suffered. When my mom was sick, I had to take charge of the household; I was a sophomore in high school. My Dad wasn’t around during my teenage years, he had gotten arrested. Not having my Dad around was hard; however the women in my life made it much more bearable. The final traumatic event that strengthened my internal strength was my concussion. I couldn’t go to school for the entire last semester. I couldn’t see my friends. I could barely leave my bed. That bump on the head was exactly what I needed. All those obstacles made me have this thirst for success and determination to make a difference in my life. During my junior year, I got a part time job, became the only student volunteer at my town’s museum, discovered my passion for politics and made the honor roll. I started to love school again. My mom recovered and although starting senior year at Deep Run is indescribably difficult, I am determined to adapt and work to prove myself in the competitive school system. I am not my past, my experiences just allowed me to find myself. At my lowest point, I would’ve sworn destiny had it out for me. However, my arrow was just getting stretched back so it could soar. Making my family proud was immensely rewarding, but being proud of myself was an indescribable feeling. This pick-up truck told me to keep pushing, it reminded me to keep working for my dreams of education. I haven’t reached my full potential yet, my arrow isn’t done soaring and it’s pointed directly towards George Mason.

Creating Exciting Macbeth Essay Topics

Creating Exciting Macbeth Essay TopicsIn order to get an amazing write-up for your students' Macbeth essay topics, you have to be able to create interesting situations that are rich in emotion. Students who are under pressure to write well will probably not have the patience required to create writing exercises like this one. If you take a break to do something else while they are writing, they will likely forget about the document or become frustrated and will just move on to the next task.Nevertheless, your aim in writing a Macbeth essay is to create something unique from a situation that is already familiar. By creating interesting situations that are also engaging, you will be able to convince your students that their Macbeth assignment can add to their vocabulary. In addition, they will also become familiar with English writing and the important skills necessary to be successful students in their future writing careers.Do not allow yourself to allow the competition to become you r main motivating factor when writing a Macbeth essay topic. This will certainly keep you from starting early on, thinking about the outcome and researching the background. You should not be afraid to start early and concentrate on the important point that you want to make. Your only consideration should be to create an interesting essay.The focus of your essay should be on the personality of the character, especially if you choose to use the biography approach. You can use the example of Macbeth's mother and see how that relates to the characteristics of the character. Do not try to write an essay based on modern day society or even Shakespeare's English language.How could you use Shakespeare's words to help you make your student's opinion stand out? Is there anything in Macbeth's speech or actions that really would surprise or amaze a class today? What would he think about in twenty years' time? As a teacher, you have to remember that every single student has different opinions an d ideas than those of the present generation.When selecting your material for your own essay, be sure to use the most current material that is considered the best in terms of skill and relevance. It will help if you look up specific examples in the past to consider in your writing. Using poetry, fiction, and historical facts may allow you to find the right resources for your Macbeth essay topics. If you want to avoid creating a complex essay for your Macbeth assignment, you can choose from a wide variety of courses that would seem appropriate for the situation.In selecting essay topics, it is imperative that you choose ones that are most suited to your students' level of knowledge. If you are doing this for your own study, be sure to discuss this with your teacher before you start. In addition, if you are writing for school, there are many resources available that will help you with your essay writing.Essay topics for students with limited English skills may not be as challenging as some of the others because they are all based on common sense or common situations. Consider giving your student samples of information that have been used in the past, especially in other subjects and using their experience in your own writing. This can help you with your essay topic and help them understand your material in more detail.